淺(qian)談工業(ye)園(yuan)區儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)設計與(yu)應用

淺(qian)談工業(ye)園(yuan)區儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)設計與(yu)應用

安(an)科(ke)瑞電(dian)氣股份(fen)有限(xian)公(gong)司 上(shang)海嘉定 201801

摘要(yao)：獨(du)立為(wei)解(jie)決不(bu)同(tong)儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)間的電(dian)能互(hu)濟(ji)、電(dian)網(wang)關(guan)口(kou)計量點(dian)需(xu)量控(kong)制及充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)等(deng)設(she)備的柔(rou)性控(kong)制問題(ti),以中(zhong)節(jie)能臨平(ping)儲(chu)能電(dian)站(zhan)項目為(wei)例(li),對(dui)儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)運(yun)行(xing)過(guo)程中(zhong)存在的(de)問題(ti)及相關(guan)數據進行(xing)研(yan)究分析(xi),提(ti)出相(xiang)關解(jie)決方(fang)法。選擇(ze)合(he)適的(de)采(cai)集(ji)點(dian),通過(guo)控(kong)制與(yu)管理(li)系(xi)統(tong)（EMS）打通信信息(xi)孤島,可(ke)有(you)效(xiao)解(jie)儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)運(yun)行(xing)存在的(de)問題(ti),以期(qi)為(wei)其他園區實(shi)施(shi)相(xiang)關(guan)項目提(ti)供借鑒(jian)。

關鍵(jian)字：工(gong)業(ye)園(yuan)區；儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)；EMS；電(dian)網(wang)關(guan)口(kou)計量點(dian)；需(xu)量控(kong)制

0.引(yin)言(yan)

隨著(zhe)全球氣候問題(ti)日益嚴(yan)峻(jun),新能源(yuan)的應(ying)用得(de)到了普(pu)及。然而(er),光(guang)伏、風能等(deng)新能源(yuan)的應(ying)用對(dui)電(dian)網(wang)的(de)穩(wen)定運(yun)行(xing)造成(cheng)了(le)壹定影響(xiang),為(wei)緩(huan)解(jie)影(ying)響(xiang),儲(chu)能技術得到了推(tui)廣(guang)應用儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)是(shi)通過(guo)介質或(huo)設(she)備把(ba)能量存儲(chu)起來(lai),在需(xu)要時(shi)再釋放的(de)過(guo)程。儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)根(gen)據(ju)能量來(lai)源的(de)不同(tong)分(fen)為(wei)物(wu)理(li)儲(chu)能、化(hua)學(xue)儲(chu)能、電(dian)磁(ci)儲(chu)能3大(da)類。儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)主(zhu)要包(bao)括(kuo)儲(chu)能設(she)備、能量轉換(huan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)、EMS3部分。工商(shang)業(ye)用戶(hu)的分布(bu)式儲(chu)能以(yi)化(hua)學(xue)儲(chu)能應(ying)用為(wei)主(zhu),在工(gong)業園(yuan)區的實(shi)踐(jian)探索中(zhong),分(fen)布(bu)式儲(chu)能已(yi)經(jing)取(qu)得(de)了顯著(zhu)成(cheng)效(xiao)。然而(er),分(fen)布(bu)式儲(chu)能在(zai)應用中(zhong)常(chang)因數據采集(ji)點(dian)設(she)置(zhi)和(he)控(kong)制邏輯(ji)不(bu)合理(li)導致(zhi)需(xu)量控(kong)制失敗(bai),儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)的輸(shu)出輸(shu)入(ru)功(gong)率(lv)被(bei)過(guo)早限(xian)止。筆者(zhe)以中(zhong)節(jie)能臨平(ping)儲(chu)能電(dian)站(zhan)項目為(wei)例(li),分(fen)析(xi)儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)應用中(zhong)存在的(de)問題(ti),並提(ti)出解(jie)決措(cuo)施,以期為(wei)其他園區實(shi)施(shi)類(lei)似(si)項目提(ti)供參(can)考(kao)。

1.項目概況(kuang)

新建(jian)的(de)中(zhong)節(jie)能臨平(ping)儲(chu)能電(dian)站(zhan)位於(yu)臨平(ping)工(gong)業(ye)園區內,園(yuan)區從電(dian)網(wang)接(jie)入(ru)1路10kV高壓(ya)電(dian)源(yuan),5路(lu)高壓(ya)出線(xian)。1號(hao)配(pei)電(dian)房(fang)高低壓(ya)共室(shi)布(bu)置,3路高壓(ya)出線(xian)為(wei)B1、B2、B33臺(tai)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)提供電(dian)源(yuan),1號(hao)配(pei)電(dian)房(fang)另(ling)壹路(lu)高壓(ya)出線(xian)到2號配(pei)電(dian)房(fang)通過(guo)壹(yi)進四(si)出環(huan)網(wang)櫃(gui)為(wei)B4、B5、B6、B74臺(tai)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)提供高壓(ya)電(dian)源(yuan),*後壹(yi)路高壓(ya)出線(xian)為(wei)3號(hao)配(pei)電(dian)房(fang)B8變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)提供電(dian)源(yuan)。1號(hao)、2號、3號、8號(hao)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的容(rong)量為(wei)1250kVA,4號(hao)～7號(hao)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的容(rong)量為(wei)1000kVA。園(yuan)區已(yi)建(jian)有(you)光(guang)伏1MWp,分(fen)2路並入(ru)2號配(pei)電(dian)房(fang)的(de)B4、B6變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)低壓(ya)母排。根(gen)據(ju)歷(li)史(shi)用電(dian)數據,*大需(xu)量在變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)總容量的50%以(yi)內。園(yuan)區管理(li)部(bu)門為(wei)了(le)減少基(ji)本電(dian)費(fei)的(de)支(zhi)出按(an)實(shi)際(ji)需(xu)量的電(dian)費(fei)結(jie)算方(fang)式簽(qian)訂(ding)供用電(dian)合(he)同(tong)。10kV壹(yi)次(ci)主(zhu)接(jie)線(xian)圖(tu)如(ru)圖(tu)1所(suo)示。

2.項目儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)

根(gen)據(ju)臨平(ping)工(gong)業(ye)園區近年的(de)負荷(he)曲線(xian)和(he)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的輸(shu)出功(gong)率情況(kuang),項目課(ke)題(ti)組在(zai)B1號變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)和(he)B2號(hao)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)低壓(ya)總進線(xian)斷(duan)路(lu)器(qi)出線(xian)側(ce)接(jie)入(ru)300kW/996kW·h的1號儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)和(he)200kW/446kW·h的(de)2號(hao)儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)。項目課(ke)題(ti)組依據(ju)浙江(jiang)省的(de)電(dian)費(fei)政(zheng)策采取(qu)二充(chong)二放的(de)充(chong)放電(dian)策略。考(kao)慮1號(hao)、2號變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的負(fu)載率(lv)相對(dui)較(jiao)高,B3號(hao)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的負(fu)載率(lv)相對(dui)較(jiao)小且(qie)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)附(fu)近布(bu)置充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)條件(jian)合(he)適,項目課(ke)題(ti)組決定(ding)在(zai)B3號(hao)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)低壓(ya)出線(xian)回(hui)路新增(zeng)壹樁(zhuang)二槍快(kuai)充(chong)1臺（功率(lv)為(wei)120kW）,慢(man)充(chong)樁(zhuang)5臺(tai)（功(gong)率為(wei)7kW）。儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)支(zhi)持(chi)削(xue)峰(feng)填谷(gu)、需量控(kong)制、防逆(ni)流控(kong)制的策略。儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)的並網(wang)接(jie)入(ru)點(dian)選擇(ze)在(zai)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的低壓(ya)總進線(xian)處,在(zai)接(jie)入(ru)點(dian)電(dian)源(yuan)側(ce)增設(she)防(fang)逆(ni)流電(dian)表(biao)用以(yi)采(cai)集(ji)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)輸(shu)出的(de)瞬(shun)時功(gong)率和(he)正(zheng)向有(you)功(gong)功率(lv)需量。儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)的並網(wang)櫃(gui)內設(she)置充(chong)放電(dian)的(de)並網(wang)電(dian)能表(biao),用以(yi)計量儲(chu)能設(she)備的充(chong)放電(dian)有(you)功(gong)電(dian)量。EMS采集(ji)防(fang)逆(ni)流(liu)電(dian)表(biao)及並網(wang)櫃(gui)內電(dian)能表(biao)的(de)數據並進行(xing)運(yun)算,依照(zhao)設定的邏輯(ji)來(lai)控(kong)制儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)的輸(shu)入(ru)、輸(shu)出有(you)功功(gong)率(lv)。如(ru)：儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)輸(shu)出功(gong)率小(xiao)於(yu)本地(di)負(fu)荷(he)功(gong)率(lv)時(shi),按(an)*大(da)功(gong)率(lv)放電(dian);儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)輸(shu)出功(gong)率大(da)於(yu)本地(di)負(fu)荷(he)瞬(shun)時功(gong)率時,降低輸(shu)出功(gong)率,使(shi)輸(shu)出功(gong)率不(bu)大(da)於(yu)本地(di)負(fu)荷(he)功(gong)率(lv),防(fang)止儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)向接(jie)入(ru)點(dian)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)高壓(ya)側(ce)輸(shu)出電(dian)能。儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)輸(shu)入(ru)功(gong)率(lv)與(yu)本地(di)負(fu)荷(he)功(gong)率(lv)之和(he)應(ying)不(bu)超(chao)過(guo)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的需(xu)求量及*大帶(dai)載容(rong)量,否則需降低儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)的輸(shu)入(ru)功(gong)率(lv)。臨平(ping)工(gong)業(ye)園區的2套(tao)儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)各(ge)自運(yun)行(xing)相互(hu)不(bu)關聯,每套(tao)儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)的拓(tuo)樸圖(tu)如(ru)圖(tu)2所(suo)示。

3.儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)運(yun)行(xing)存在問題(ti)及原(yuan)因分析(xi)

3.1儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)運(yun)行(xing)存在問題(ti)

儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)輸(shu)入(ru)功(gong)率(lv)時(shi),存在基(ji)本電(dian)費(fei)增(zeng)加的風險(xian)。儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)僅(jin)依據(ju)並網(wang)點(dian)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)側(ce)的有(you)功(gong)功(gong)率和(he)需(xu)量數據進行(xing)運(yun)行(xing)控(kong)制,若並網(wang)接(jie)入(ru)點(dian)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的瞬(shun)時輸(shu)出功(gong)率未(wei)超(chao)該(gai)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的需(xu)量和(he)允許(xu)*大輸(shu)出功(gong)率,此(ci)時(shi)疊(die)加其余變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的功(gong)率後電(dian)網(wang)關(guan)口(kou)計量點(dian)的(de)需(xu)量有增(zeng)加的(de)風險(xian)。電(dian)網(wang)關(guan)口(kou)計量點(dian)的(de)*大(da)需(xu)量是(shi)電(dian)網(wang)與(yu)用戶(hu)結算基(ji)本電(dian)費(fei)的(de)依據(ju),但(dan)並網(wang)接(jie)入(ru)點(dian)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)和(he)電(dian)網(wang)關(guan)口(kou)計量點(dian)的(de)*大(da)需(xu)求量在時(shi)間上(shang)是(shi)不壹(yi)致(zhi)的(de),僅(jin)依據(ju)單臺變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的控(kong)制方式會(hui)導致(zhi)需(xu)量控(kong)制策略失(shi)敗。

充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)工(gong)作(zuo)時僅(jin)依據(ju)車輛的(de)狀(zhuang)態為(wei)新能源(yuan)車輛(liang)輸(shu)出有(you)功功(gong)率(lv),儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)輸(shu)入(ru)功(gong)率(lv)及用電(dian)負(fu)載(zai)功率疊(die)加(jia)充(chong)電(dian)功(gong)率(lv)後,存在增(zeng)加(jia)電(dian)網(wang)關(guan)口(kou)計量點(dian)的(de)*大(da)需(xu)量及變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)超功(gong)率運(yun)行(xing)的風險(xian),對(dui)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的安(an)全運(yun)行(xing)造成(cheng)危(wei)害。

儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)輸(shu)入(ru)功(gong)率(lv)時(shi),僅(jin)依據(ju)接(jie)入(ru)點(dian)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的功(gong)率與(yu)需量來(lai)判斷(duan)允許(xu)的輸(shu)入(ru)功(gong)率(lv),存在降(jiang)低儲(chu)能電(dian)站(zhan)收益的(de)風險(xian)。臨平(ping)工(gong)業(ye)園區1號儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)和(he)2號(hao)儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)某日9：00—11：00（輸(shu)出功(gong)率時(shi)段）、11：00—13：00（輸(shu)入(ru)功(gong)率(lv)時(shi)段）、15：00—17：00（輸(shu)出功(gong)率時(shi)段）儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)並網(wang)點(dian)負(fu)荷(he)功(gong)率(lv)曲線(xian)如(ru)圖(tu)3和(he)圖(tu)4所(suo)示。圖(tu)中(zhong)關(guan)口(kou)表(biao)功(gong)率曲線(xian)為(wei)接(jie)入(ru)點(dian)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的功(gong)率曲線(xian),負(fu)載功率(lv)曲線(xian)為(wei)接(jie)入(ru)點(dian)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)所帶(dai)負載(zai)的功率曲線(xian),需(xu)量為(wei)接(jie)入(ru)點(dian)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的數據,並網(wang)點(dian)功(gong)率(lv)為(wei)儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)的輸(shu)入(ru)輸(shu)出功(gong)率。以(yi)下(xia)針對(dui)9：00—11：00時(shi)段、11：00—13：00時段進行(xing)分析(xi)。

9：00—11：00時(shi)段。根(gen)據(ju)圖(tu)3、圖(tu)4可(ke)知(zhi),該(gai)時(shi)間段1號和(he)2號(hao)儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)均(jun)輸(shu)出有(you)功功(gong)率(lv)。1號(hao)儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)並網(wang)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的用戶(hu)負載功(gong)率小(xiao)於(yu)儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)的額定(ding)輸(shu)出功(gong)率,1號(hao)儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)輸(shu)出功(gong)率不(bu)大(da)於(yu)用戶(hu)的負載(zai),2號儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)以額定(ding)功率(lv)輸(shu)出有(you)功功(gong)率(lv)。該(gai)時(shi)段儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)輸(shu)出功(gong)率周(zhou)期(qi)結(jie)束時,1號儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)電(dian)池存儲(chu)電(dian)量未全部釋放,電(dian)池SOC值(zhi)為(wei)38%,2號(hao)儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)電(dian)池存儲(chu)的電(dian)量按(an)設(she)定(ding)參(can)數全部釋放完(wan),電(dian)池SOC值(zhi)為(wei)5%。11：00—13：00時(shi)段。該(gai)時(shi)段為(wei)低谷(gu)時段,儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)輸(shu)入(ru)有(you)功(gong)功(gong)率,儲(chu)能電(dian)池存儲(chu)電(dian)量。1號儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)以額定(ding)功率(lv)輸(shu)入(ru)有(you)功(gong)功(gong)率,儲(chu)能電(dian)池存儲(chu)電(dian)量達到設定(ding)的*大(da)值(zhi),電(dian)池SOC值(zhi)為(wei)95%。2號(hao)儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)受並網(wang)接(jie)入(ru)點(dian)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)需量控(kong)制影響(xiang),輸(shu)入(ru)功(gong)率(lv)小(xiao)於(yu)額定(ding)輸(shu)入(ru)功(gong)率(lv),儲(chu)能電(dian)池存儲(chu)電(dian)量不足(zu),電(dian)池SOC值(zhi)為(wei)68%。根(gen)據(ju)電(dian)網(wang)關(guan)口(kou)計量點(dian)數據分析(xi),該(gai)時(shi)段所有負載(zai)功(gong)率仍(reng)小(xiao)於(yu)*大需(xu)量時,2號(hao)儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)的輸(shu)入(ru)功(gong)率(lv)被(bei)限制,降低了電(dian)站(zhan)的收益。

3.2原(yuan)因分析(xi)

由於(yu)數據采集(ji)點(dian)設(she)置(zhi)不(bu)合理,投運(yun)時(shi)每(mei)個(ge)EMS各(ge)自采(cai)集(ji)儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)接(jie)入(ru)點(dian)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的有(you)功功(gong)率和(he)*大(da)需(xu)量值(zhi),不能反(fan)映電(dian)網(wang)關(guan)口(kou)計量點(dian)的(de)有(you)功(gong)功率和(he)*大(da)需(xu)量,而電(dian)網(wang)關(guan)口(kou)計量點(dian)恰(qia)恰(qia)又(you)是(shi)電(dian)網(wang)防(fang)逆流(liu)和(he)*大(da)需(xu)量考核點(dian)。當儲(chu)能並網(wang)接(jie)入(ru)點(dian)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)未發(fa)生(sheng)逆(ni)流且(qie)輸(shu)出功(gong)率小(xiao)於(yu)*大需(xu)量,但(dan)疊(die)加(jia)同(tong)壹(yi)電(dian)網(wang)關(guan)口(kou)計量點(dian)範(fan)圍(wei)內(nei)其余變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)所帶(dai)負荷(he)、儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)負荷(he)、充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)負(fu)荷(he),則在電(dian)網(wang)關(guan)口(kou)計量點(dian)可(ke)能發(fa)生(sheng)逆(ni)流或(huo)輸(shu)出功(gong)率超(chao)過(guo)*大(da)需(xu)量的情況(kuang),*終(zhong)導致(zhi)防(fang)逆流和(he)*大(da)需(xu)量控(kong)制策略失(shi)敗。

充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)充(chong)放電(dian)功(gong)率(lv)只(zhi)根(gen)據(ju)車(che)輛(liang)交(jiao)互(hu)信息(xi)提供輸(shu)出功(gong)率,儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)輸(shu)入(ru)功(gong)率(lv)產(chan)生(sheng)功(gong)率疊加後,增(zeng)加逆(ni)流及總功率超*大需量風險(xian)。充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)不(bu)能主(zhu)動(dong)降(jiang)低充(chong)電(dian)輸(shu)出功(gong)率以(yi)保(bao)證儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)的輸(shu)入(ru)功(gong)率(lv)。

儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)EMS間數據鏈(lian)路(lu)未(wei)形(xing)成(cheng),相(xiang)互(hu)間不能協同(tong)運(yun)行(xing)。如(ru)前述(shu)9：00—11：00時(shi)段的情況(kuang)：1號(hao)儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)未能釋放全部電(dian)量,2號儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)以額定(ding)功率(lv)釋放全部電(dian)量,2號儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)所屬(shu)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)負載(zai)功率(lv)仍需電(dian)網(wang)提(ti)供才能滿足(zu)要求(qiu),1號儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)無(wu)法輸(shu)出功(gong)率提(ti)供給2號儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)所屬(shu)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)負載(zai)。

4.解決方(fang)法

首先(xian),選擇(ze)合(he)理的采(cai)樣點(dian),采(cai)集(ji)儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)並網(wang)接(jie)入(ru)點(dian)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)、充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)所(suo)接(jie)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的功(gong)率及電(dian)網(wang)關(guan)口(kou)計量點(dian)的(de)功(gong)率(lv)和(he)*大(da)需(xu)量,得到準(zhun)確(que)反(fan)映變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的輸(shu)出功(gong)率、計量點(dian)的(de)*大(da)需(xu)量及有功(gong)功率(lv)等(deng)信息(xi)。其次(ci),打通信息(xi)孤島,同(tong)壹(yi)電(dian)網(wang)關(guan)口(kou)計量點(dian)範(fan)圍(wei)內(nei)接(jie)入(ru)的不同(tong)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)、儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)、充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)電(dian)參(can)量數據采集(ji)到同(tong)壹(yi)個(ge)EMS,EMS依據(ju)每臺並網(wang)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的有(you)功功(gong)率及電(dian)網(wang)關(guan)口(kou)計量點(dian)的(de)*大(da)需(xu)量計算出每(mei)套(tao)儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)的輸(shu)入(ru)功(gong)率(lv)、儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)及充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)輸(shu)出功(gong)率。EMS拓(tuo)樸圖(tu)如(ru)圖(tu)5所(suo)示。

EMS確保(bao)儲(chu)能設(she)備在輸(shu)入(ru)功(gong)率(lv)、充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)輸(shu)出功(gong)率時(shi)不(bu)增(zeng)加園區*大需(xu)量,接(jie)入(ru)點(dian)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的負(fu)載功(gong)率不超過(guo)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的安(an)全供電(dian)容(rong)量,且(qie)儲(chu)能設(she)備輸(shu)出功(gong)率時(shi)不(bu)向電(dian)網(wang)送(song)電(dian)。具體方(fang)法如(ru)下(xia)。

防逆(ni)流數據采集(ji)點(dian)由接(jie)入(ru)點(dian)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)低壓(ya)側(ce)上(shang)移(yi)到電(dian)網(wang)關(guan)口(kou)計量點(dian),使(shi)儲(chu)能設(she)備在釋放電(dian)能時(shi)不受接(jie)入(ru)點(dian)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)逆流(liu)的控(kong)制,有效(xiao)打通不同(tong)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)間的能量流通。如(ru),其中(zhong)壹(yi)臺儲(chu)能設(she)備的輸(shu)出功(gong)率大(da)於(yu)接(jie)入(ru)點(dian)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的負(fu)載功(gong)率,電(dian)能會(hui)從接(jie)入(ru)點(dian)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的低壓(ya)側(ce)流向高壓(ya)側(ce),經高壓(ya)母排輸(shu)送(song)到其余變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的負(fu)載,當電(dian)網(wang)關(guan)口(kou)計量點(dian)出現逆(ni)流(liu)趨(qu)勢,則降低儲(chu)能設(she)備輸(shu)出功(gong)率或(huo)停止儲(chu)能設(she)備輸(shu)出功(gong)率。

電(dian)網(wang)關(guan)口(kou)計量點(dian)的(de)有(you)功(gong)功率、*大需量、儲(chu)能和(he)充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)接(jie)入(ru)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的瞬(shun)時輸(shu)出功(gong)率數據統(tong)壹由EMS收集(ji)並進行(xing)邊(bian)緣計算。電(dian)網(wang)關(guan)口(kou)計量點(dian)壹(yi)旦(dan)出現逆(ni)流(liu)趨(qu)勢,EMS即(ji)發(fa)出指令(ling)讓(rang)儲(chu)能設(she)備降低輸(shu)出功(gong)率直至停止功率(lv)輸(shu)出,防(fang)止逆流(liu)時儲(chu)能設(she)備向電(dian)網(wang)送(song)輸(shu)出有(you)功功(gong)率(lv),此(ci)時不影響(xiang)光伏系(xi)統(tong)的功(gong)率(lv)輸(shu)出。儲(chu)能設(she)備輸(shu)入(ru)功(gong)率(lv)階段EMS調度儲(chu)能和(he)充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)輸(shu)入(ru)功(gong)率(lv)值(zhi)，保證接(jie)入(ru)點(dian)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)不超(chao)載運(yun)行(xing)。

在本項目實(shi)施(shi)過(guo)程中(zhong)考(kao)慮儲(chu)能、充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)等(deng)設(she)備來(lai)自不(bu)同(tong)廠(chang)家(jia)的因素,為(wei)確(que)保(bao)設(she)備的安(an)全運(yun)行(xing)及責任(ren)劃(hua)分,EMS只(zhi)負(fu)責數據的采(cai)集(ji)、運(yun)算、各(ge)設備允許(xu)輸(shu)出輸(shu)入(ru)功(gong)率(lv)的(de)分配(pei),不參(can)與(yu)單臺(tai)設備系(xi)統(tong)內的(de)控(kong)制。EMS把(ba)各(ge)受調設備的輸(shu)出、輸(shu)入(ru)功(gong)率(lv)的(de)指令(ling)發(fa)送(song)給儲(chu)能或(huo)充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)的(de)管(guan)理子(zi)系(xi)統(tong),由儲(chu)能或(huo)充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)管(guan)理(li)子(zi)系(xi)統(tong)自行(xing)控(kong)制相應(ying)設備。

5.Acrel-2000ES儲(chu)能櫃(gui)能量管理(li)系(xi)統(tong)

5.1系(xi)統(tong)概述(shu)

安(an)科瑞儲(chu)能能量管理(li)系(xi)統(tong)Acrel-2000ES，專門(men)針(zhen)對(dui)工(gong)商業儲(chu)能櫃(gui)、儲(chu)能集(ji)裝(zhuang)箱研(yan)發的(de)壹(yi)款儲(chu)能EMS，具有完(wan)善(shan)的(de)儲(chu)能監(jian)控(kong)與(yu)管理(li)功能,涵(han)蓋了儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)設備(PCS、BMS、電(dian)表(biao)、消(xiao)防、空調等(deng))的詳(xiang)細信息(xi),實(shi)現了(le)數據采集(ji)、數據處理(li)、數據存儲(chu)、數據查詢與(yu)分析(xi)、可(ke)視(shi)化(hua)監控(kong)、報(bao)警(jing)管理(li)、統(tong)計報(bao)表(biao)等(deng)功能。在(zai)應用上(shang)支(zhi)持(chi)能量調度,具備計劃(hua)曲線(xian)、削(xue)峰(feng)填谷(gu)、需量控(kong)制、防逆(ni)流等(deng)控(kong)制功能。

5.2系(xi)統(tong)結構

Acrel-2000ES，可(ke)通過(guo)直采(cai)或(huo)者(zhe)通過(guo)通訊(xun)管理(li)或(huo)串(chuan)口(kou)服務器(qi)將儲(chu)能櫃(gui)或(huo)者(zhe)儲(chu)能集(ji)裝(zhuang)箱內部(bu)的(de)設備接(jie)入(ru)系(xi)統(tong)。系(xi)統(tong)結構如(ru)下(xia)：

5.3系(xi)統(tong)功能

5.3.1實(shi)時(shi)監(jian)測(ce)

系(xi)統(tong)人(ren)機界面友(you)好(hao)，能夠(gou)顯(xian)示儲(chu)能櫃(gui)的運(yun)行(xing)狀態(tai)，實(shi)時(shi)監(jian)測(ce)PCS、BMS以(yi)及環(huan)境(jing)參(can)數信息(xi)，如(ru)電(dian)參(can)量、溫度、濕度等。實(shi)時(shi)顯(xian)示有關(guan)故(gu)障(zhang)、告警(jing)、收益等(deng)信息(xi)。

5.3.2設備監控(kong)

系(xi)統(tong)能夠(gou)實(shi)時(shi)監(jian)測(ce)PCS、BMS、電(dian)表(biao)、空調、消(xiao)防、除濕機(ji)等設(she)備的運(yun)行(xing)狀態(tai)及運(yun)行(xing)模式。

PCS監(jian)控(kong)：滿足(zu)儲(chu)能變(bian)流器(qi)的參(can)數與(yu)限值(zhi)設置；運(yun)行(xing)模式設置(zhi)；實(shi)現儲(chu)能變(bian)流器(qi)交直流(liu)側(ce)電(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)流(liu)、功(gong)率及充(chong)放電(dian)量參(can)數的采集(ji)與(yu)展示；實(shi)現PCS通訊(xun)狀態(tai)、啟停狀態、開關(guan)狀(zhuang)態、異常告警(jing)等狀(zhuang)態(tai)監(jian)測(ce)。

BMS監控(kong)：滿足(zu)電(dian)池管理(li)系(xi)統(tong)的參(can)數與(yu)限值(zhi)設置；實(shi)現儲(chu)能電(dian)池的電(dian)芯(xin)、電(dian)池簇的(de)溫度、電(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)流(liu)的(de)監測(ce)；實(shi)現電(dian)池充(chong)放電(dian)狀(zhuang)態(tai)、電(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)流(liu)及溫度異常狀(zhuang)態(tai)的告警(jing)。

空調監(jian)控(kong)：滿足(zu)環(huan)境(jing)溫(wen)度的監測(ce)，可(ke)根(gen)據(ju)設(she)置(zhi)的(de)閾值(zhi)進行(xing)空調溫(wen)度的聯動(dong)調(tiao)節(jie)，並實(shi)時(shi)監(jian)測(ce)空調的(de)運(yun)行(xing)狀態(tai)及溫濕度數據，以曲線(xian)形(xing)式進行(xing)展示。

UPS監控(kong)：滿足(zu)UPS的運(yun)行(xing)狀態(tai)及相關(guan)電(dian)參(can)量監測(ce)。

5.3.3曲線(xian)報(bao)表(biao)

系(xi)統(tong)能夠(gou)對(dui)PCS充(chong)放電(dian)功(gong)率(lv)曲線(xian)、SOC變(bian)換曲線(xian)、及電(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)流(liu)、溫(wen)度等歷史曲線(xian)的(de)查詢與(yu)展示。

5.3.4策略配(pei)置

滿足(zu)儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)設備參(can)數的配(pei)置、電(dian)價(jia)參(can)數與(yu)時段的設置、控(kong)制策略的(de)選擇(ze)。目(mu)前支(zhi)持(chi)的(de)控(kong)制策略包(bao)含(han)計劃(hua)曲線(xian)、削(xue)峰(feng)填谷(gu)、需量控(kong)制等。5.3.5實(shi)時(shi)報(bao)警(jing)

儲(chu)能能量管理(li)系(xi)統(tong)具有實(shi)時(shi)告警(jing)功能，系(xi)統(tong)能夠(gou)對(dui)儲(chu)能充(chong)放電(dian)越(yue)限(xian)、溫度越限、設備故(gu)障(zhang)或(huo)通信故(gu)障(zhang)等事件(jian)發(fa)出告警(jing)。

5.3.6事件(jian)查(zha)詢統(tong)計

儲(chu)能能量管理(li)系(xi)統(tong)能夠(gou)對(dui)遙(yao)信變(bian)位，溫濕度、電(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)限(xian)等(deng)事件記錄進行(xing)存儲(chu)和(he)管(guan)理(li)，方(fang)便(bian)用戶(hu)對(dui)系(xi)統(tong)事件(jian)和(he)報(bao)警(jing)進行(xing)歷史(shi)追溯，查(zha)詢統(tong)計、事(shi)故(gu)分(fen)析(xi)。

5.3.7遙(yao)控(kong)操(cao)作(zuo)

可(ke)以(yi)通過(guo)每(mei)個(ge)設(she)備下(xia)面的(de)紅色按(an)鈕(niu)對(dui)PCS、風機、除濕機(ji)、空調控(kong)制器(qi)、照(zhao)明等設備進行(xing)相應(ying)的控(kong)制，但(dan)是(shi)當設備未通信上(shang)時(shi)，控(kong)制按(an)鈕(niu)會(hui)顯示無(wu)效狀(zhuang)態。

5.3.8用戶(hu)權限(xian)管理

儲(chu)能能量管理(li)系(xi)統(tong)為(wei)保(bao)障(zhang)系(xi)統(tong)安全穩(wen)定運(yun)行(xing)，設置(zhi)了用戶(hu)權限(xian)管理功(gong)能。通過(guo)用戶(hu)權限(xian)管理能夠(gou)防(fang)止未經(jing)授權的(de)操(cao)作(zuo)（如(ru)遙(yao)控(kong)的(de)操(cao)作(zuo)，數據庫修(xiu)改等）。可(ke)以(yi)定(ding)義(yi)不同(tong)級別用戶(hu)的登(deng)錄名、密碼及操(cao)作(zuo)權限(xian)，為(wei)系(xi)統(tong)運(yun)行(xing)、維護、管理(li)提供可(ke)靠(kao)的安全保障(zhang)。

6.相關平(ping)臺(tai)部署硬件選型清單

7.結語(yu)

筆者(zhe)以中(zhong)節(jie)能臨平(ping)儲(chu)能電(dian)站(zhan)項目為(wei)例(li),介紹(shao)項目新建(jian)儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)運(yun)行(xing)過(guo)程中(zhong)存在的(de)問題(ti),針對(dui)問題(ti)提出：選擇(ze)合(he)理的采(cai)樣點(dian),采(cai)集(ji)儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)並網(wang)接(jie)入(ru)點(dian)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)、充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)所(suo)接(jie)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的功(gong)率及電(dian)網(wang)關(guan)口(kou)計量點(dian)的(de)功(gong)率(lv)和(he)*大(da)需(xu)量;引(yin)入(ru)以(yi)電(dian)網(wang)關(guan)口(kou)計量點(dian)為(wei)控(kong)制單元(yuan)的EMS,加(jia)強(qiang)控(kong)制邏輯(ji)。相(xiang)關措(cuo)施有效解決了(le)基(ji)本電(dian)費(fei)增(zeng)加問題(ti),也解(jie)決了(le)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)間輸(shu)出功(gong)率及負載(zai)功率(lv)互(hu)濟(ji)增加(jia)問題(ti),提升了(le)儲(chu)能系(xi)統(tong)的存儲(chu)電(dian)量及釋放電(dian)量,增加(jia)儲(chu)能收益。

參(can)考(kao)文獻

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